Umhlaza wePancreas: Ukuqonda, isifo, kunye nokukhethwa konyango 

I-pancreas yomhlaza sisifo apho iiseli ezingathandekiyo zenziwa kwizicubu zepancreas, ilungu eliziimitha. Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kubalulekile ukuba unyango olusebenzayo. Eli nqaku libonelela ngamagqabantshintshi ngokubanzi I-pancreas yomhlaza, egubungela oonobangela, iimpawu, isifo, kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango, kubandakanya ukhetho lonyango, i-chemotherapy, unyango lwe-radiation, kunye nonyango.

Ukuqonda I-pancreas yomhlaza

I-pancreas yi-gland edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphengeni kunye nommiselo weswekile yegazi. Ivelisa i-enzymes enceda ukuqhekeza ukutya kunye nehomoni njenge-insulin elilawula amanqanaba eGlucose. I-pancreas yomhlaza Kwenzeka ntoni xa iiseli ezikwipancreas zikhula ngokungalawuleki, zenza ithumba. Ezi mathungo zinokuphazamisa umsebenzi oqhelekileyo wePancreas kwaye zisasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Iintlobo ze I-pancreas yomhlaza

Olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe I-pancreas yomhlaza yi-adenocarcinoma, ethi iphakame kwiiseli ezikhutshiweyo ezivelisa ii-enzymes zokugaya. Iindidi zotywala zibandakanya amathumba e-neuroendocrine (iminatha), ekhula kwiiseli ezivelisa ihomoni. Iminatha ihlala inesifo esingcono kune-Adenocarcinomas. IZiko loPhando lweShandong Baena ligxile kunyango lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza, kubandakanya ukwahluka okunqabileyo njenge-neuroendorne amathumba.

Izinto zomngcipheko ze I-pancreas yomhlaza

Izinto ezininzi zinokonyusa umngcipheko wokukhula I-pancreas yomhlaza, kubandakanya:

• Ukutshaya: Ukutshaya yinto ebonakalayo yomngcipheko, ukwandisa umngcipheko ngokufutshane kathathu ukuya kathathu.
• Ukutyeba kakhulu: Ukutyeba kakhulu okanye ukutyeba kuyahambelana nomngcipheko ophezulu.
• Iswekile: Abantu abanesifo seswekile, ngakumbi uhlobo 2, banomngcipheko onyukayo.
• I-Pancreatitis engapheliyo: Ukuvunywa kwexesha elide kwepancreas kunokwandisa umngcipheko.
• Imbali yoSapho: Imbali yosapho ye I-pancreas yomhlaza okanye isilayidi esiqinileyo semfuzo sinokonyusa umngcipheko.
• Ubudala: Umngcipheko unyuka ubudala, kunye neemeko ezininzi ezixinweyo emva kweminyaka engama-60.
• I-Syndromes ethile yemfuza: Iimeko ezinje nge-vancreatitis, i-lynch syndrome, kunye ne-brca yotshintsho.

Ukuqonda iimpawu ze I-pancreas yomhlaza

Ngamanqanaba ayo okuqala, I-pancreas yomhlaza ihlala ingabangeli mpawu zibonakalayo. Njengoko ithumba likhula, linokukhokelela ku:

• I-jaundice: Ukuhlalwa kolusu kunye namehlo, ngokufuthi kubangelwa sisifo esingacacanga.
• Intlungu yesisu: Intlungu kwisisu esiphezulu esinokuthi sibe semva.
• Ukuphulukana nobunzima: Ukuphulukana nobunzima obungachanekanga.
• Ukuphulukana nokutya: Ukuziva ugcwele ngokukhawuleza okanye awufuni ukutya.
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha: okubangelwa sisisu esikuso esiswini.
• Utshintsho kwimikhwa yeqhekeza: urhudo okanye ukuqunjelwa.
• Iswekile: I-New-Oct Diabetes okanye ubunzima ukulawula isifo seswekile esele sikhona.

Ukuchonga I-pancreas yomhlaza

Ukuba I-pancreas yomhlaza Ukrokrelwa, kuvavanyo oluninzi kunokwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwaye kuchongwe inqanaba lomhlaza. Olu vavanyo lubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nembali: Ugqirha uza kubuza malunga neempawu zakho, imbali yezonyango, kunye nezinto zomngcipheko.
• Ukucinga kuvavanyo:
  • Scan Scan: Nikezela imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zepancreas kunye negada elijikelezileyo.
  • I-MRI: isebenzisa amabala e-magnetic ukwenza imifanekiso yeepancreas.
  • I-Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS): Sebenzisa i-endoscope nge-iltrasound probe yokubonisa i-pancreas kwaye ufumane iisampulu zezicubu.
• I-biopsy: Isampulu ye-tishu ithathiwe kwi-pancreas kwaye ihlolwe phantsi kwemakroskopu ukuqinisekisa ubukho beeseli zomhlaza. Oku kunokwenziwa ngexesha le-EUS okanye utyando.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Iimvavanyo zegazi zinokulinganisa amanqanaba ezinto ezithile, ezinje nge-CA 19-9, enokuphakanyiswa ebantwini I-pancreas yomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ezi mvavanyo azisoloko zichanekile kwaye zinokuphakanyiswa kwezinye iimeko.

Izinketho zonyango I-pancreas yomhlaza

Unyango I-pancreas yomhlaza Kuxhomekeka kwinqanaba kunye nendawo yomhlaza, kunye nempilo epheleleyo yesigulana. Izinketho zinokubandakanya:

Utyando

Utyando lolona nyango luphambili I-pancreas yomhlaza, kuthetha ukuba i-tumor inokususwa ngokupheleleyo. Uhlobo lotyando luxhomekeke kwindawo ye-tumar:

• Inkqubo ye-whppen (pancreaticudeguode): Olu tyando lubandakanya ukususa intloko ye-pancreas, inxenye yethumbu elincinci, i-gallbladder, kunye nenxalenye ye-bile duct. Ihlala isetyenziselwa amathumba entloko yepancreas.
• I-Direcreatectotectomy: Olu utyando lubandakanya ukususa umsila weepancreas, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha umbala. Isetyenziselwa amathumba emsileni wepancreas.
• Iyonke i-pancreatectomy: Oku kubandakanya ukususa zonke i-pancreas, efane yenziwe ngenxa yempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekuphengeni kunye nommiselo weswekile yegazi.

Chemotherapy

I-chemotherapy isebenzisa iziyobisi ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Ingasetyenziswa ngaphambi okanye emva kotyando, okanye njengoko impatho ephambili yokuqhubela phambili I-pancreas yomhlaza. Iziyobisi eziqhelekileyo ze-chemotherapy ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga I-pancreas yomhlaza Quka i-gemcitabine, i-pactringaxel, kunye ne-fluorouracil (5-fu).

Unyango lwe-radiation

Unyango lwe-radiation lonyango lusebenzisa imitha yamandla aphezulu ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Ingasetyenziselwa ukuncipha amathumba ngaphambi kotyando, babulale nayiphi na iiseli zomhlaza osele emva kotyando, okanye banciphise iimpawu ze-Add I-pancreas yomhlaza. Unyango lwangaphandle lwe-radiation ye-BIAM ngolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lonyango lwe-radiation osetyenziselwa I-pancreas yomhlaza.

Unyango olujolise kunyango

Iziyobisi ekugxilwe kuzo iziyobisi zijolise kwiimolekyuli ezithile ezichaphazelekayo ekukhuleni kweseli yomhlaza kunye nokusinda. La machiza anokusetyenziswa kwiindidi ezithile ze I-pancreas yomhlaza onophawu oluqinileyo lwendalo. Umzekelo, i-Olaparib i-Parp ayisetyenziswa kwizigulana ngokuguquka kwe-brca.

I-gonotherapy

Umgono unceda amajoni omzimba alwa nomhlaza. Ayisetyenziswanga I-pancreas yomhlaza Kodwa kuphandwa kwiimvavanyo zeklinikhi. Amachiza amahle e-Pembromizumab (i-Indibida) inokuba yingenelo kwiimeko ezinqabileyo zeMSI-High I-pancreas yomhlaza.

Inkathalo ye-pallitive

Inkathalo ye-pallietive igxile kwiimpawu zokukhulula iimpawu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi kubantu abakhulileyo I-pancreas yomhlaza. Ingabandakanya ulawulo lweentlungu, inkxaso yesondlo kunye nenkxaso yeemvakalelo. Unonophelo lwe-palliative lunokubonelelwa kulo naliphi na inqanaba le I-pancreas yomhlaza.

Ukuhlala nayo I-pancreas yomhlaza

Ukuhlala nayo I-pancreas yomhlaza inokuba ngumceli mngeni, ngokwasemzimbeni nangokweemvakalelo. Kubalulekile ukuba nenkqubo yenkxaso eyomeleleyo, kubandakanya usapho, izihlobo, kunye neengcali zezempilo. IZiko loPhando lweShandong Baeo ibonelela ngolwazi kunye nokhetho olunokubakho lonyango, nceda uqhagamshelane nogqirha wakho. Amaqela enkxaso kunye neengcebiso zinokuba luncedo ekuhlangabezaneni nemiceli mngeni I-pancreas yomhlaza.

Inkxaso yesondlo ibalulekile ebantwini I-pancreas yomhlaza. I-pancreas idlala indima ephambili ekudlelweni, kwaye unyango luhlala luchaphazela amandla okugaya ukutya ngokufanelekileyo. Ukusebenza nge-dietitian ebhalisiweyo kunokunceda ukuphatha imiba yokugaya kunye nokuqinisekisa isondlo esaneleyo.

Prognosis I-pancreas yomhlaza

I-Prognosis ye I-pancreas yomhlaza Ukuhluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lomhlaza, impilo yesigulana iyonke, kunye nonyango olufunyenweyo. Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kubalulekile ukuze kuphuculwe amathuba okusinda. Ngokutsho koMbutho woMhlaza waseMelika, inqanaba leminyaka emi-5 yokusinda kwikhaya I-pancreas yomhlaza imalunga nama-44%, ngelixa inqanaba leminyaka emi-5 yokusinda kwi-Advanced I-pancreas yomhlaza Oko kusasazeke kwiindawo ezikude malunga ne-3%. [1]

Iimvavanyo zeklinikhi I-pancreas yomhlaza

Izilingo zeklinikhi zizifundo zophando eziphanda ngonyango olutsha lwe I-pancreas yomhlaza. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwityala leklinikhi kunokubonelela ngokufikelela kwiindlela zokucheba ezinqamlezileyo ezingekafumaneki ngokubanzi. Ukuba unomdla wokufunda ngakumbi malunga nezilingo zeklinikhi I-pancreas yomhlaza, Thetha ugqirha wakho okanye ukhangele iimvavanyo kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko leZiko leZiko leZiko leZiko leMfundo leSizwe. [2]

Isishwankathelo

I-pancreas yomhlaza sisifo esibi esifuna ukuxilongwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nonyango. Ukuqonda izinto zomngcipheko, iimpawu, kunye nokukhetha unyango kunokunceda abantu benze izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nononophelo lwabo. Ukuqhubeka kophando kunye nenkqubela phambili kunyango kukuphucula i-outlook yabantu I-pancreas yomhlaza.

Amanani aphambili kunye nolwazi

[1] Uluntu lwaseMelika: https: //www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pincreaccicncer/Idetection-IAgction-IAgnOgras

[2] IZiko leSizwe leSizwe: https://www.cancer.gov/abouters/tracancer/clinical