Umhlaza we-pancreatic: ukuqonda, ukuxilongwa, kunye nokukhetha unyango 

I-pancreatic umhlaza sisifo apho iiseli ezinobungozi kwizicubu ze-ticreas, ilungu elizingemva kwesisu esidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphengeni kunye nommiselo weswekile yegazi. Iimpawu zihlala zingaqondakali kwaye zinokubandakanya iintlungu zesisu, i-jaundice, kunye nokuphulukana nobunzima. Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kubalulekile ukuze kuphuculwe iziphumo.

Ukuqonda i-pancreas kwaye I-pancreatic umhlaza

Yintoni i-pancreas?

I-pancreas sisixhobo se-gland esisisu. Idlala iindima ezimbini eziphambili:

• Umsebenzi we-Execrine: Ukuvelisa i-enzymes enceda ukugaya ukutya.
• Umsebenzi we-endocrine: Ivelisa iihomoni njenge-insulin kunye ne-glucagon elawula iswekile yegazi.

Ngenxa yendawo yayo phakathi kwesisu, I-pancreatic umhlaza kunokuba nzima ukufumana ngamanqanaba ayo okuqala.

Iintlobo ze I-pancreatic umhlaza

Uninzi lwe I-pancreatic yomhlaza zihlolisise amathumba, ngakumbi i-adenocarcinomas. Ezi mathumbi zivela kwiiseli ezinamathela kwimigca ye-pancreating.

• I-Adenocarcinoma: Olona hlobo luqhelekileyo, i-accounting malunga ne-95% yamatyala.
• I-Neuroendocrine Tumors (iminatha): Iqhelekile, iphakame kwiiseli ezivelisa ihomoni. Ezi zinto zidla ngokukhula kancinci kune-Adenocarcinomas.

IZiko loPhando lweShandong Baeda IZiko loPhando loPhando kunye neendlela zoNyango lweentlobo ngeentlobo zomhlaza, kubandakanya I-pancreatic umhlaza. Ukuqonda uhlobo lomhlaza kubalulekile kucwangciso lonyango. Tyelelo IZiko loPhando lweShandong Baeo ngolwazi oluthe kratya.

Izinto zomngcipheko ze I-pancreatic umhlaza

Izinto ezininzi zinokonyusa umngcipheko wokukhula I-pancreatic umhlaza:

• Ukutshaya: Into enkulu yomngcipheko.
• Iswekile: I-diambetes ende ende inyusa umngcipheko.
• Ukutyeba kakhulu: Ukutyeba kakhulu okanye ukutyeba kunxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko onyukayo.
• Imbali yosapho: Ukuba nembali yosapho ye I-pancreatic umhlaza yonyusa umngcipheko.
• I-pancreatiitis ye-CHCCreatie: Ukuvunywa kwexesha elide kwepancreas.
• Ubudala: Umngcipheko uyanda ngobudala, ubukhulu becala bafunyaniswa kubantu abadala abadala.
• I-syndromes ethile yemfuza: Ezinje nge-brca1 / 2 yeziguquko, i-lynch syndrome, kunye ne-peutz-jeers syndrome.

Iimpawu ze I-pancreatic umhlaza

Inqanaba lokuqala I-pancreatic umhlaza ihlala ingenazimpawu. Njengoko umhlaza uyakhula, iimpawu zinokubandakanya:

• Intlungu zesisu: Rhoqo i-dull of heche kwisisu esiphezulu esinokuya ngasemva.
• I-jaundice: Ityheli lolusu kunye namehlo, ihlala ihamba kunye nomchamo omnyama kunye nezitulo ezimfuyo.
• Ukuhla ukusinda: Ukulahleka kwesisindo esingachazwanga.
• Ukuphulukana nomdla: Ndiziva ndigcwele ngokukhawuleza okanye ndingaziva ndilambe.
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha:
• Iswekile: I-New-Onset Diabetes okanye ubunzima ukulawula isifo seswekile esele sikhona.
• UTSHINTSHO KWIINGXAKI ZOKUGQIBELA: Kubandakanya isifo sohudo okanye ukuqunjelwa.

Kubalulekile ukuthetha nodokotela ukuba ubona nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, ngakumbi ukuba unezinto zomngcipheko kwi I-pancreatic umhlaza.

UKUXHASA I-pancreatic umhlaza

Ukuchonga I-pancreatic umhlaza Ngokwesiqhelo kubandakanya indibaniselwano yeemvavanyo zokucinga kunye ne-biopsies:

• Ukucinga kuvavanyo:
  • I-CT Scan: Ibonelela ngemifanekiso eneenkcukacha zepancreas kunye negatya elijikelezileyo.
  • Mri: Sebenzisa amasimi e-magnetic ukwenza imifanekiso yeepancreas.
  • I-Endoscopic ultrasound (eus): Sebenzisa i-endoscope ene-eltrasound probe yokubonisa i-pancreas.
  • Iskena sezilwanyana zasekhaya: Inokunceda ukuba ifumane ukuba umhlaza uye wasasazeka kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
• I-biopsy: Isampulu ye-tishu ithathiwe kwi-pancreas kwaye ihlolwe phantsi kwemakroskopu yokuqinisekisa ubukho beeseli zomhlaza. Oku kunokwenziwa ngexesha le-eus okanye nge-biopsy ye-biopsy ekhokelwa kukucinga.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Inokulinganisa amanqanaba eeproteni ezithile okanye ii-enzymes ezinokuphakanyiswa ngaphakathi I-pancreatic umhlaza.

Ukubeka I-pancreatic umhlaza

Isitali sinceda ukumisela ubungakanani bomhlaza kunye nokukhokela izigqibo zonyango. Inkqubo yokutsalwa isetyenzisiwe yinkqubo ye-TNM (i-tuma, i-node, i-metastasis):

• T (tumar): Ichaza ubungakanani kunye nobungakanani be-tumoor ephambili.
• N (node): Ibonisa ukuba umhlaza uye wasasazeka kwiindawo ezikufuphi ne-lymph.
• M (i-metastasis): Ibonisa ukuba umhlaza uye wasasazeka kumalungu akude.

Izinketho zonyango I-pancreatic umhlaza

Unyango I-pancreatic umhlaza Kuxhomekeka kwinqanaba lomhlaza, impilo yesigulana iyonke, kunye nezinye izinto. Izinketho zinokubandakanya:

Utyando

Utyando lolona nyango lusebenzayo I-pancreatic umhlaza (umhlaza onokuthi ususwe ngokupheleleyo). Iindidi zotyando zibandakanya:

• Inkqubo ye-whiple (pancreaticuodedenectoy): Ukususwa kwentloko ye-pancreas, inxalenye yamathumbu amancinci, i-gallbladder, kunye nenxalenye yesisu.
• I-Direcreatectomy: Ukususwa komsila weepancreas.
• Iyonke i-pancreatectomy: Ukususwa kwazo zonke iipancreas (kunqabile okwenziwe).

Chemotherapy

I-chemotherapy isebenzisa iziyobisi ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Ingasetyenziswa ngaphambi kotyando (neoadjual Therapy), emva kotyando (i-adrapy), okanye njengonyango oluphambili lokuqhubela phambili I-pancreatic umhlaza. Iziyobisi eziqhelekileyo ze-chemotheratherapy zibandakanya:

• IGemcitabine
• I-Foferinox (indibaniselwano ye-Folinic Acid, iFluorouraril, eIrinotecan, kunye ne-oxillatin)
• I-abraaxane (i-paclimaXel albumin-eboshwe)

Unyango lwe-radiation

Unyango lwe-radiation lonyango lusebenzisa imitha yamandla aphezulu ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Ingasetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo ne-chemotherapy, ngakumbi kwi-Intanethi ePhambili I-pancreatic umhlaza Ayinakususwa ngoxinzelelo.

Unyango olujolise kunyango

Iziyobisi ekugxilwe kuzo iziyobisi zijolise kwiimolekyuli ezithile ezichaphazelekayo ekukhuleni kweseli yomhlaza kunye nokusinda. Umzekelo, i-olaparib inokusetyenziswa kwizigulana eziguqukayo ze-brca.

I-gonotherapy

Umgono usebenzisa amajoni omzimba omzimba ukuze alwe nomhlaza. Ngelixa ungakhange usetyenziselwe ngokubanzi I-pancreatic umhlaza, kuphandwa kwiimvavanyo zeklinikhi.

Iimvavanyo zeklinikhi

Izilingo zeklinikhi zizifundo zophando eziphanda ngeendlela ezintsha zokunyanga umhlaza. Abaguli I-pancreatic umhlaza Ingathatha ukuthatha inxaxheba kulingo lweklinikhi ukufikelela kunyango olutsha.

Inkathalo ye-pallitive

Inkathalo ye-pallietive igxile kwiimpawu zokukhulula iimpawu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi kwizigulana ezihamba phambili I-pancreatic umhlaza. Ingabandakanya ulawulo lweentlungu, inkxaso yesondlo kunye nenkxaso yeemvakalelo.

Intlawulo yokusinda ye I-pancreatic umhlaza

Intlawulo yokusinda ye I-pancreatic umhlaza yahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwinqanaba lomhlaza kunye nezinye izinto. Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kunokuphucula kakhulu iziphumo. Ngokutsho koMbutho woMhlaza waseMelika, iminyaka emi-5 yokusinda kwinqanaba lonke lesigaba I-pancreatic umhlaza imalunga ne-12%. Nangona kunjalo, kumhlaza ofunyenwe kwinqanaba lokuqala [Umthombo: Umhlaza waseMelika]

Olu luhlu lulandelayo lubonisa iRhafu yeminyaka emi-5 yeminyaka:

La manani aluqikelelo kwaye iziphumo zomntu ngamnye zingahluka.

Ukuhlala nayo I-pancreatic umhlaza

Ukuhlala nayo I-pancreatic umhlaza inokuba ngumceli mngeni, ngokwasemzimbeni nangokweemvakalelo. Amaqela enkxaso, ukucetyiswa, kunye nezinye izibonelelo kunokunceda abaguli kunye neentsapho zabo bajamelana nesi sifo.