Ukuqonda umdlavuza wesibindi: izinhlobo, izimpawu, ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa

Umdlavuza wesibindi, isimo esingathi sína esithinta isibindi, kubandakanya izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, ngamunye unezimpawu ezihlukile kanye nezindlela zokwelashwa. Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uhlola izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze umdlavuza esibindini, Izimpawu ezijwayelekile, izindlela zokuxilonga, kanye nokwelashwa okutholakalayo. Ukuqonda lolu lwazi kubalulekile ukuthola ukutholwa kwakuqala kanye nemiphumela ethuthukisiwe. Sizofaka imininingwane ebalulekile ukukusiza uzulazule lokhu kukhathazeka okuyinkimbinkimbi zezempilo. Lo mhlahlandlela akuwona okunye esikhundleni sezeluleko zokwelashwa eziqeqeshiwe; Hlala uthintana nomhlinzeki wezempilo wokuxilongwa nokwelashwa.

Izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesibindi

I-Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)

I-HepatocelLellar Carcinoma (HCC) uhlobo oluvame kakhulu umdlavuza esibindini, okuvela kumangqamuzana amakhulu wesibindi (ama-hepatocyte). Izici zobungozi zifaka izifo ezingapheli zesibindi njenge-cirrhosis (imvamisa ezibangelwa yi-hepatitis b noma c), ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala, kanye nesifo esingenasisekelo sesibindi (nafld). Izimpawu zingacasuka ezigabeni zokuqala, kepha njengoba umdlavuza uthuthuka, angafaka nobuhlungu besisu, i-jaundice (iphuzi lesikhumba namehlo), ukunciphisa umzimba, nokukhathala. Ukuxilongwa kuvame ukubandakanya izivivinyo zokucabanga (i-ultrasound, i-Scan ye-CT, i-MRI) kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi (amazinga we-alpha-fetoprotein). Izinketho zokwelashwa ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngesiteji futhi zifaka ukuhlinzwa, ukuhlukunyezwa, i-chemotherapy, ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe, ukufakelwa kwesibindi.

Cholangiocarcinoma

I-Cholangaocarcinoma uhlobo olungajwayelekile lomdlavuza wesibindi ovela ezintanjeni ze-bile ngaphakathi kwesibindi. Izici zobungozi aziqondakali kahle kunalezo ze-HCC, kepha zifaka izimo ezithile zofuzo nokuchayeka isikhathi eside kumakhemikhali athile. Izimpawu zingalingisa lezo ze-HCC, kepha zingafaka futhi ukulunywa (ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwe-bile duct) kanye nokungaphatheki kahle kwesisu. Ukuxilongwa kuhilela amasu afanayo wokucabanga njenge-HCC, kanye ne-biopsy engaba khona. Izindlela zokwelashwa zifaka phakathi ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa kwemisebe, i-chemotherapy, kanye nokwelashwa okuhlosiwe. I-Prognosis iyahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngesigaba somdlavuza.

Okunye okuvamile kwesibindi

Okunye, izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zomdlavuza wesibindi zifaka i-angiosarcoma ne-fiblamellar carcinoma. Leans la makhanseleli ivame ukuba nezimpawu ezihlukile kanye namasu okulashwa ngokuqhathaniswa ne-HCC ne-cholangiocarcinoma. Kubalulekile ukubonisana nochwepheshe abanolwazi olutholwe kumdlavuza wesibindi ekutholeni ukuxilongwa okunembile nokwelashwa kwalezi zinhlobo ezinqabile ngalesi sifo.

Izimpawu zomdlavuza wesibindi

Izimpawu ze umdlavuza esibindini ingahluka futhi ivame ukuzwela, yenza inselelo yokuqala inselele. Umdlavuza wesibindi wokuqala kungenzeka ungaveli noma yiziphi izimpawu ezibonakalayo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba umdlavuza ukhula, izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ubuhlungu besisu noma ukungakhululeki
• Ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazwanga
• Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka
• Ukulahleka kwesifiso sokudla
• UJaundice (ophuzi wesikhumba namehlo)
• Ukuvuvukala emilenzeni nasezimbobeni
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Umchamo omnyama
• Izitulo eziphaphathekile

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lezi zimpawu zingabangelwa ezinye izimo, ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezokwelapha kuyadingeka ukuze kuxilonge olufanele.

Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wesibindi

Ukuxilonga umdlavuza esibindini Dinga inhlanganisela yokuhlolwa nezinqubo. Lokhu ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi (ama-lfts), amazinga we-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
• Ukuhlolwa kokucabanga: I-Ultrasound, i-CT Scan, i-MRI, okungenzeka ukuthi kungenzeka isilwane Scan
• I-Biopsy: isampula elincane lezicubu zesibindi lithathwa ukuhlolwa kwemicroscopic

Izinketho zokwelashwa zomdlavuza wesibindi

Izinketho zokwelashwa ze umdlavuza esibindini kuya ngezinto ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi uhlobo lomdlavuza, isigaba salo, impilo ephelele yesiguli, kanye nokuba khona kwezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Amasu okulashwa angafaka:

• Ukuhlinzwa: Ukuvuselelwa kabusha (ukususwa kwezicubu zomdlavuza) noma ukufakelwa
• I-Ablation: Ukubhubhisa amaseli anomdlavuza usebenzisa ukushisa (I-Radiofrequecy Oblation) noma i-FreeZing (i-Crysoablation)
• I-Chemotherapy: Sebenzisa izidakamizwa ukubulala umdlavuza amaseli
• Ukwelashwa kwemisebe: Kusetshenziswa imisebe yamandla aphezulu ukubulala amaseli omdlavuza
• Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe: Kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezibhekise ama-molecule athile athintekayo ekukhuleni komdlavuza
• I-ImmunoSatherapy: Ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba okuvikelwa komzimba ukulwa namaseli womdlavuza

Ukwelashwa okuphezulu komdlavuza okuthuthukile: Indlela yokubambisana

Kubantu ngabanye ababhekene nezigaba ezithuthukile zomdlavuza wesibindi, indlela ehlukahlukene yindlela ephumelela kunazo zonke. Lokhu kufaka iqembu lochwepheshe, kufaka phakathi izazi ze-oncologists, odokotela abahlinzayo, ama-radiologists kanye nabanye ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo, basebenza ndawonye ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokwelashwa oluqondene nomuntu uqobo. At I-Shandong Baafa Cancer Research Institute, sizibophezele ekuhlinzekeni ukunakekelwa okuphelele nokuthuthukile kweziguli ezilwa nomdlavuza wesibindi.

Ukuqondiswa kanye nokuvimbela

I-Prognosis ye umdlavuza esibindini Kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngohlobo nesigaba somdlavuza ekuxilongeni. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi futhi ukwelashwa okusheshayo kuthuthukisa kakhulu amathuba emiphumela ephumelelayo. Ngenkathi ayikho indlela eqinisekisiwe yokuvimbela zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesibindi, wamukela izinqumo zokuphila ezinempilo njengokugwema ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile, ukulondolozela isisindo se-hepatitis B no-C kunganciphisa ubungozi. Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile nokuhlola kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezici zobungozi.

Ukuzikhulula: Lolu lwazi lwenzelwe izinjongo zokufundisa kuphela futhi akufanele lubhekwe njengeluleke lwezokwelapha. Hlala uthintana nochwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuze uthole ukutholakala nokwelashwa kwanoma yisiphi isimo sezokwelapha.