Umdlavuza We-Pancrees: Ukuqonda, Ukuxilongwa, kanye Nezinketho Zokwelashwa 

Umdlavuza wokubeletha yisifo lapho amaseli amabi akha izicubu zamanyikwe, isitho esitholakala ngemuva kwesisu. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ekwelashweni okusebenzayo. Le ndatshana ihlinzeka ngesibukezo esibanzi se umdlavuza wokubeletha, ukumboza izimbangela, izimpawu, ukuxilongwa, kanye nezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa, kufaka phakathi izinketho zokuhlinza, i-chemotherapy, ukwelashwa kwemisebe kanye nezindlela zokwelapha ezihlosiwe.

-Zwayo Umdlavuza wokubeletha

Ama-pancreas yindlala edlala indima ebalulekile ekugaliseni nasekuqondisweni ushukela wegazi. Ikhiqiza ama-enzyme asiza ukudiliza ukudla nama-hormone afana ne-insulin elawula amazinga we-glucose. Umdlavuza wokubeletha kwenzeka lapho amaseli kumanyikwe akhula ngokungalawuleki, akha isimila. Lama-tumors angaphazamisa umsebenzi ojwayelekile we-pancreas futhi asakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Izinhlobo ze Umdlavuza wokubeletha

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu umdlavuza wokubeletha Ingabe i-adenocarcinoma, ephakama emangqamuzaneni axoleli akhiqiza ama-enzyme wokugaya. Izinhlobo zeRarer zifaka ama-neuroendocrine tumors (amanetha), akhula kumaseli akhiqiza ama-hormone. Amanetha avame ukuba ne-disgonosis engcono kune-adenocarcinomas. I-Shandong Baafa Cancer Research Institute igxile ekucwaningeni kokwelashwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zomdlavuza, kufaka phakathi ukuhlukahluka okungavamile njenge-neuroendocrine tumors.

Izici zobungozi ze Umdlavuza wokubeletha

Kunezici eziningana zingakhulisa ubungozi bokuthuthuka umdlavuza wokubeletha, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukubhema: Ukubhema kuyisici esibalulekile sobungozi, okwandisa ubungozi bukabili kuya kathathu.
• Ukukhuluphala: Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukukhuluphala kuhlobene nengozi ephezulu.
• Isifo sikashukela: Abantu abanesifo sikashukela, ikakhulukazi uhlobo 2, babe nengozi eyandayo.
• I-pancreatitis engapheli: ukuvuvukala kwesikhathi eside kwama-pancreas kungakhulisa ubungozi.
• Umlando Womndeni: Umlando Womndeni wa- umdlavuza wokubeletha noma ama-shintsho athile ezakhi zofuzo angakhulisa ubungozi.
• Ubudala: Ubungozi bukhuphuka ngeminyaka, ngamacala amaningi atholakala ngemuva kweminyaka engama-60.
• Amanye ama-shintsho wofuzo: Imibandela efana ne-Pancreatitary Pancreatitis, iLynch syndrome, kanye ne-brca cubutshi.

Ukubona izimpawu ze Umdlavuza wokubeletha

Ezigabeni zayo zokuqala, umdlavuza wokubeletha imvamisa ayibangeli izimpawu ezibonakalayo. Njengoba isimila sikhula, kungaholela ku:

• I-Jaundice: Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba namehlo, kuvame ukubangelwa isimila esivimba i-bile duct.
• Ubuhlungu besisu: Ubuhlungu esiswini esingaphezulu esingakhanyisa emuva.
• Ukwehla kwesisindo: Ukuncipha kwesisindo okungachazwanga.
• Ukulahleka kwesifiso sokudla: uzizwa ugcwele ngokushesha noma awufuni ukudla.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza: okubangelwa isimila ngokucindezela esiswini.
• Izinguquko kwimikhuba yamathumbu: isifo sohudo noma ukuqunjelwa.
• Isifo sikashukela: Isifo sikashukela esisha noma ubunzima bokulawula ushukela okhona.

Ukuxilonga Umdlavuza wokubeletha

Nxa umdlavuza wokubeletha Kusolwa, kungenzeka ukuthi kuhlolwe izivivinyo zokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwesifo futhi kunqume isigaba somdlavuza. Lezi zivivinyo zingafaka:

• Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba nomlando: Udokotela uzobuza ngezimpawu zakho, umlando wezokwelapha, kanye nezici zobungozi.
• Ukuhlolwa kokucabanga:
  • I-CT SCAN: Inikeza izithombe ezinemininingwane yamanyikwe kanye nezitho ezizungezile.
  • I-MRI: Isebenzisa amasimu kazibuthe ukudala izithombe zamanyikwe.
  • I-endoscopic ultrasound (EUS): isebenzisa i-endoscope ene-ultrasound probe ukuze ibone ngeso lengqondo amanyikwe bese uthola amasampula wezicubu.
• I-Biopsy: isampula yezicubu ithathwa kumanyikwe futhi ihlolwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba khona kwamaseli omdlavuza. Lokhu kungenziwa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa noma ukuhlinzwa.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungalinganisa amazinga wezinto ezithile, njenge-CA 19-9, ezingaphakanyiswa kubantu abane umdlavuza wokubeletha. Kodwa-ke, lezi zivivinyo azihlali zinembe futhi zingaphakanyiswa kwezinye izimo.

Izinketho zokwelashwa ze Umdlavuza wokubeletha

Ukwelashwa umdlavuza wokubeletha Kuya ngesigaba nendawo yomdlavuza, kanye nempilo yesiguli yonke. Izinketho zingafaka:

Indawo kadokotela

Ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela yokuphathwa eyiyo yesici umdlavuza wokubeletha, okusho ukuthi isimila singasuswa ngokuphelele. Uhlobo lokuhlinzwa luncike endaweni yesimila:

• Inqubo YoShrestring Product (PancreaticodueneneEctomy): Lokhu kuhlinzwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kubandakanya ukususa ikhanda lama-pancreas, ingxenye yamathumbu amancane, i-gallbladder, nengxenye ye-bile duct. Ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa ama-tumors ekhanda lama-pancreas.
• I-PanChal PanCreateEctomy: Lokhu kuhlinzwa kubandakanya ukususa umsila wamanyikwe, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kube yi-spleen. Isetshenziselwa ama-tumors emsileni we-pancreas.
• Ingqikithi ye-panCreatectomy: Lokhu kufaka ukususa wonke ama-pancreas, okungavamile okwenziwe ngenxa yomthelela omkhulu ekugaliseni nasekuqondisweni ushukela wegazi.

Chemotherapy

I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa izidakamizwa ukubulala umdlavuza amaseli. Ingasetshenziswa ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, noma ukwelashwa okuyinhloko okuthuthukile umdlavuza wokubeletha. Izidakamizwa ezijwayelekile ze-chemotherapy ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza wokubeletha faka i-gemcitabine, i-paclitaxel ne-fluorouracil (5-FU).

Ukwelashwa kwemisebe

Ukwelashwa kwemisebe kusebenzisa imisebe ephezulu kakhulu ukubulala umdlavuza amaseli. Ingasetshenziswa ukuncipha kwamathumbu ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, bulala noma yimaphi amaseli asele emdlavuza ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, noma unciphise izimpawu ezithuthukile umdlavuza wokubeletha. Ukwelashwa kwemisebe yangaphandle yangaphandle kuyindlela ejwayelekile yokwelashwa kwemisebe esetshenziselwa umdlavuza wokubeletha.

Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe

Izidakamizwa zokwelapha ezihlosiwe ezihlosiwe ziqondise ama-molecule athile athintekayo ekukhuleni kweseli yomdlavuza kanye nokusinda. Le mishanguzo ingahle isetshenziswe ezinhlotsheni ezithile ze umdlavuza wokubeletha ezinokuguqulwa okuthile kofuzo. Isibonelo, u-Olaparib unguku-inhibitor we-parp ongasetshenziswa ezigulini ezine-brations ye-brca.

I-ImmunoSatherapy

I-ImmunoSatherapy isiza amasosha omzimba womzimba alwe nomdlavuza. Akusetshenziselwa umdlavuza wokubeletha kepha iyaphenywa ekuvivinyweni kwemitholampilo. Izidakamizwa ze-ImmunoSapapy ezifana ne-Pembrolikumab (Keytruda) zingaba usizo ezimweni ezingavamile ze-MSI-High umdlavuza wokubeletha.

Ukunakekelwa kwe-Palliative

Ukunakekelwa kwePalliative kugxile ekunciphiseni izimpawu kanye nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yempilo yabantu abane-advanced umdlavuza wokubeletha. Kungafaka phakathi ukuphathwa kwezinhlungu, ukwesekwa kokudla okunempilo, nokusekelwa okungokomzwelo. Ukunakekelwa kwe-Palliative kungahlinzekwa kunoma yisiphi isigaba se umdlavuza wokubeletha.

Ukuphila ne Umdlavuza wokubeletha

Ukuphila ne umdlavuza wokubeletha kungaba yinselele, ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo. Kubalulekile ukuba nohlelo lokusekelwa oluqinile, kufaka phakathi umndeni, abangane kanye nabachwepheshe bezempilo. I-Shandong Baafa Cancer Research Institute ihlinzeka ngemininingwane futhi izinketho zokwelashwa ezingaba khona, sicela uthintane nodokotela wakho. Amaqembu okusekela nokwelulekwa nakho kungasiza ekubhekaneni nezinselelo ze umdlavuza wokubeletha.

Ukwesekwa kokudla okunempilo nakho kubalulekile kubantu abane umdlavuza wokubeletha. Ama-pancreas adlala indima ebalulekile ekugayweni, futhi ukwelashwa kuvame ukungaphazamisi amandla okugaya ukudla kahle. Ukusebenza nodokotela obhalisiwe kungasiza ukuphatha izingqinamba zokugaya ukudla futhi kuqinisekise ukondleka okwanele.

Ukunakekelwa kwe Umdlavuza wokubeletha

I-Prognosis ye umdlavuza wokubeletha Kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngesigaba somdlavuza, impilo yesiguli ephelele, kanye nokwelashwa okutholakele. Ukutholwa nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amathuba okusinda. Ngokusho komphakathi we-American Cancer Society, isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu sokusinda sakhiwe umdlavuza wokubeletha cishe ama-44%, kuyilapho isilinganiso seminyaka emi-5 sokusinda sithuthuke umdlavuza wokubeletha Lokho kusakazekele ezithweni ezikude cishe zingama-3%. [1]

Izilingo zomtholampilo ze Umdlavuza wokubeletha

Izilingo Zomtholampilo ziyizifundo zocwaningo eziphenya ukwelashwa okusha kwe umdlavuza wokubeletha. Ukubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo kunganikeza ukufinyelela kwezindlela zokwelapha ezisikiwe ezingatholakali kabanzi. Uma unesifiso sokufunda kabanzi mayelana nokulingwa kwemitholampilo umdlavuza wokubeletha, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma useshe izivivinyo kwiwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. [2]

Ukubeka kafushane

Umdlavuza wokubeletha yisifo esibi esidinga ukutholakala nokwelashwa okusheshayo nokwelashwa. Ukuqonda izici zobungozi, izimpawu, nezinketho zokwelashwa kungasiza abantu abathile ukuba bathathe izinqumo ezinolwazi ngokunakekelwa kwabo. Ukucwaninga okuqhubekayo nokuthuthuka ekwelashweni kuthuthukisa umbono wabantu abane umdlavuza wokubeletha.

Izibalo ezibalulekile nolwazi

[1] I-American Cancer Society: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/pancreatic-cancer/detection-diagnosisi-staging/survivalung-rates.html

[2] National Cancer Institute: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/streaty/clinical-trials