Umdlavuza we-Pancreatic: Ukuqonda, Ukuxilongwa, kanye Nezinketho Zokwelashwa 

Umdlavuza we-pancreatic Ingabe isifo lapho amaseli amabi afoma ezicutshini zamanyikwe, isitho esisemuva kwesisu esidlala indima ebalulekile ekugaliseni nasekuqondisweni ushukela wegazi. Izimpawu zivame ukungabonakali futhi zingafaka ubuhlungu besisu, i-jaundice kanye nokunciphisa umzimba. Ukutholwa nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ukuthola imiphumela.

Ukuqonda ama-pancreas futhi Umdlavuza we-pancreatic

Yini ama-pancreas?

I-pancreas yisitho se-gland esisesiswini. Idlala izindima ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• Umsebenzi we-Execrine: Kukhiqiza ama-enzyme asiza ukugaya ukudla.
• Umsebenzi we-Endocrine: Kukhiqiza ama-hormone afana ne-insulin kanye ne-grucagon elawula ushukela wegazi.

Ngenxa yendawo yayo ejulile ngaphakathi kwesisu, umdlavuza we-pancreatic kungaba nzima ukuthola izigaba zayo zokuqala.

Izinhlobo ze Umdlavuza we-pancreatic

Iningi le I-pancreatic DESCERSHERS amathumbu akhethekile, ikakhulukazi ama-adenocarcinomas. Lama-tumors avela kumangqamuzana aqondise ama-pancreatic ducts.

• I-Adenocarcinoma: Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu, accounting cishe ama-95% amacala.
• Ama-Neuroendocrine Tumors (amanetha): Okujwayelekile, kuphakama kumaseli akhiqiza ama-hormone. Lokhu kuvame ukukhula kancane kune-adenocarcinomas.

Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Komdlavuzo we-Shandong Baafa ngokukhethekile ocwaningweni nasezokwelashwa ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemidlavuza, kufaka phakathi umdlavuza we-pancreatic. Ukuqonda uhlobo lomdlavuza kubalulekile ekuhlelweni kokwelashwa okwenziwe ngezifiso. Vakashela I-Shandong Baafa Cancer Research Institute ukuthola eminye imininingwane.

Izici zobungozi ze Umdlavuza we-pancreatic

Kunezici eziningana zingakhulisa ubungozi bokuthuthuka umdlavuza we-pancreatic:

• Ukubhema: Isici esikhulu sengozi.
• Isifo sikashukela: Isifo sikashukela esisuku lonke sandisa ingozi.
• Ukukhuluphala: Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukukhuluphala kuhlobene nengozi eyengeziwe.
• Umlando Womndeni: Ukuba nomlando womndeni we umdlavuza we-pancreatic kwandisa ingozi.
• I-pancreatitis engapheli: Ukuvuvukala kwesikhathi eside kwamanyikwe.
• Iminyaka: Ubungozi bukhuphuka ngeminyaka, evame ukutholakala kakhulu kubantu abadala abadala.
• Amanye ama-shintsho wofuzo: Njenge-brca1 / 2 izilonda, i-lynch syndrome, ne-peeutz-jeghers syndrome.

Izimpawu ze Umdlavuza we-pancreatic

Isigaba sokuqala umdlavuza we-pancreatic imvamisa ayinazimpawu. Njengoba umdlavuza ukhula, izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ubuhlungu besisu: Imvamisa ukuqaqamba okuxakile esiswini esingaphezulu esingakhanyisa emuva.
• I-Jaundice: Uphuzi wesikhumba namehlo, kuvame ukuhambisana nomchamo omnyama kanye nezitulo ezinde.
• Ukwehla kwesisindo: Ukulahleka kwesisindo okungachazwanga.
• Ukulahleka kwesifiso sokudla: Ukuzizwa ugcwele ngokushesha noma ungazizwa ulambile.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza:
• Isifo sikashukela: Isifo sikashukela esisha noma ubunzima bokulawula ushukela okhona.
• Izinguquko kwimikhuba yamathumbu: Kufaka phakathi uhudo noma ukuqunjelwa.

Kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma unezici zobungozi umdlavuza we-pancreatic.

Ukuxilonga Umdlavuza we-pancreatic

Ukuxilonga umdlavuza we-pancreatic Imvamisa kubandakanya inhlanganisela yokuhlolwa kokucabanga kanye nama-biopsies:

• Ukuhlolwa kokucabanga:
  • I-CT SCAN: Inikeza izithombe ezinemininingwane yamanyikwe kanye nezitho ezizungezile.
  • I-MRI: Isebenzisa amasimu kazibuthe ukudala izithombe zamanyikwe.
  • I-endoscopic ultrasound (eus): Isebenzisa i-endoscope ene-ultrasound probe ukuze ibone ngeso lengqondo ama-pancreas.
  • I-PET SCAN: Kungasiza ukuthola ukuthi umdlavuza usakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
• I-Biopsy: Isampula yezicubu zithathwa kumanyikwe futhi zihlolisiswe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuze ziqinisekise ukuba khona kwamaseli omdlavuza. Lokhu kungenziwa ngesikhathi se-eus noma nge-biste biopsy eqondiswe yimifanekiso.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Ingalinganisa amazinga amaprotheni athile noma ama-enzyme angaphakanyiswa ngaphakathi umdlavuza we-pancreatic.

Izichilo ze Umdlavuza we-pancreatic

Isitayela sisiza ukunquma ubukhulu bomdlavuza kanye nezinqumo zokwelashwa eziqondisa. Uhlelo olusetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile lusetshenziswa uhlelo lwe-TNM (isimila, i-node, i-metastasis):

• T (Tumor): Ichaza usayizi nobukhulu besimila esiyinhloko.
• N (node): Kubonisa ukuthi umdlavuza usakaze yini kwizindawo eziseduzane ze-lymph node.
• M (metastasis): Kubonisa ukuthi umdlavuza usakaze yini ezithweni ezikude.

Izinketho zokwelashwa ze Umdlavuza we-pancreatic

Ukwelashwa umdlavuza we-pancreatic Kuya ngesigaba somdlavuza, impilo yesiguli ephelele, nezinye izinto. Izinketho zingafaka:

Indawo kadokotela

Ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokuhleleka umdlavuza we-pancreatic (umdlavuza ongasuswa ngokuphelele). Izinhlobo zokuhlinzwa zifaka:

• Inqubo YoShrepple (PancreaticodueneEctomy): Ukususwa kwekhanda lamanyikwe, ingxenye yamathumbu amancane, i-gallbladder, nengxenye yesisu.
• I-PanCreatectomy edakayo: Ukususwa komsila we-pancreas.
• I-Total PanCreatectomy: Ukususwa kwawo wonke amanyikwe (akuvamile ukwenziwa).

Chemotherapy

I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa izidakamizwa ukubulala umdlavuza amaseli. Ingahle isetshenziswe ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa (ukwelashwa kwe-neahlunt), ngemuva kokuhlinzwa (ukwelashwa okunama-adgevant), noma njengokuphathwa okuyinhloko kokuthuthuka umdlavuza we-pancreatic. Izidakamizwa ezijwayelekile ze-chemotherapy zifaka:

• I-gemcitabine
• I-Folfirinox (Inhlanganisela yeFolinic Acid, i-Fluorouracil, iRinotecan, no-Oxaliplatin)
• Abraxane (paclitaxel albhamuin-uboshwe)

Ukwelashwa kwemisebe

Ukwelashwa kwemisebe kusebenzisa imisebe ephezulu kakhulu ukubulala umdlavuza amaseli. Ingasetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa ne-chemotherapy, ikakhulukazi ethuthuke endaweni yakini umdlavuza we-pancreatic lokho akunakususwa ngokuhlinzwa.

Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe

Izidakamizwa zokwelapha ezihlosiwe ezihlosiwe ziqondise ama-molecule athile athintekayo ekukhuleni kweseli yomdlavuza kanye nokusinda. Isibonelo, i-Olaparib ingahle isetshenziswe ezigulini ezinama-brca cubutshi.

I-ImmunoSatherapy

I-ImmunoSatheraPy isebenzisa amasosha omzimba uqobo ukuze alwe nomdlavuza. Ngenkathi ingakaze isetshenziswe kabanzi umdlavuza we-pancreatic, kuyaphenywa ekuvivinyweni kwemitholampilo.

Izilingo Zomtholampilo

Izilingo zemitholampilo yizifundo zocwaningo eziphenya izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha umdlavuza. Iziguli ezine umdlavuza we-pancreatic Kwangathi ucabangele ukubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo ukufinyelela ekwethembisa izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha.

Ukunakekelwa kwe-Palliative

Ukunakekelwa kwePalliative kugxile ekunciphiseni izimpawu kanye nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yempilo yeziguli ezithuthukile umdlavuza we-pancreatic. Kungafaka ukuphathwa kobuhlungu, ukusekelwa kokudla okunempilo, nokusekelwa okungokomzwelo.

Amanani okusinda Umdlavuza we-pancreatic

Amanani okusinda umdlavuza we-pancreatic ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngesigaba somdlavuza nezinye izinto. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi nokwelashwa kungathuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela. Ngokusho komphakathi we-American Cancer Society, isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu yokusinda kwezigaba zazo zonke izigaba ze umdlavuza we-pancreatic cishe i-12%. Kodwa-ke, ukuthi umdlavuza otholwe esigabeni sawo sokuqala (esendaweni), izinga lesi-5 lokusinda lingaba ngu-44%. [Umthombo: I-American Cancerciety]

Ithebula elilandelayo libonisa amanani okusinda weminyaka emi-5 ngesiteji:

Lezi zinombolo ziyizilinganiso kanye nemiphumela yomuntu ngamunye ingahluka.

Ukuphila ne Umdlavuza we-pancreatic

Ukuphila ne umdlavuza we-pancreatic kungaba yinselele, ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo. Amaqembu okusekela, ukwelulekwa, nezinye izinsiza kungasiza iziguli kanye nemindeni yazo ukubhekana nalesi sifo.