I-RCC

I-RCC, noma i-renal cell carcinoma, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wezinso kubantu abadala. Kuqala ekulweni kwamashubhu amancane kuzinso. Izimpawu zingaba ukucasuka ekuqaleni, kepha ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi nokwelashwa kokwelashwa kwathuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela. Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uhlola izimbangela, izimpawu, ukuxilongwa, izinketho zokwelashwa, kanye ne-prognosis ye I-RCC?I-RCC) Uhlobo lomdlavuza ovela ezinso. Izinso ziyizitho ezibunjiwe ngobhontshisi, ngamunye ucishe abe ngosayizi wenqindi yakho, etholakala ngemuva kwezitho zakho zesisu, eyodwa ohlangothini ngalunye lomgogodla wakho. Bahlunga imfucuza kanye noketshezi oluthe xaxa oluvela egazini lakho, olube selukhishwe emchameni wakho. I-RCC Amafomu lapho amaseli anempilo endaweni eyodwa noma zombili izinso ziguquka futhi zikhule ngaphandle kokulawula, zakha inqwaba. Lesi sisindo singaba senign (asinasisekelo) noma ama-malignant (umdlavuza). Iningi lomdlavuza wezinso I-RCC..Types of renal cell carcinomathere ama-subtypere ambalwa I-RCC, ngasinye sinezimpawu ezahlukahlukene kanye nezifo. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zifaka: Sula Cell RCC: Le yi-subtype evame kakhulu, ukubalwa kwemali cishe ngo-70-80% I-RCC amacala. Kuboniswa amaseli acacile noma abukeka ngokuphuzi lapho kubukwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. I-Papillary RCC: Uhlobo lwesibili oluvame kakhulu, accounting for 10-15% amacala. -Maphapillary I-RCC inokuqagela okufana nomunwe (papillae). I-Chromophobe RCC: Le subtype imele cishe ama-5% I-RCC amacala. Ngokuvamile inesifo esingcono kuneseli elicacile I-RCC. Ukuqoqa i-DCC: Uhlobo olungajwayelekile nolunolaka lwe I-RCC, ababalwa isikhathi esingaphansi kwe-1% yamacala. I-RCC engaqondakali: Kwezinye izimo, amangqamuzana omdlavuza awahambelani kahle kunoma yiziphi zalezi zigaba ezingenhla.Izici ze-RCCSEELAL ezingakhulisa ubungozi bokuthuthuka I-RCC. Lokhu kufaka phakathi: Ukubhema: Ukubhema kuyinto ebalulekile yengozi, ecishe iphindwe kabili engcupheni I-RCC. Ukukhuluphala: Isisindo ngokweqile sandisa ingozi ye I-RCC, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme: I-Hypertension ihlotshaniswa nengozi eyandayo. Umlando Womndeni: Ukuba nomlando womndeni womdlavuza wezinso kwandisa ubungozi bakho. Izimo ezithile ezizuzwa njengefa, njengezifo ze-von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), neBirt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome, ne-Heredicrary Papillary Renal Carcinoma, ukukhulisa kakhulu ubungozi. Isifo sezinso esithuthukisiwe noma i-dialysis: Abantu abanezifo zezinso ezingapheli, ikakhulukazi labo abase-Dialysis, babe nengozi ephezulu. Imithi ethile: Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kokuncishiswa kwezinhlungu ezithile, njengePhenacetin, kuhlobene nengozi eyandayo (i-phenacetin ayisasetshenziswa kakhulu). Ukuchayeka ezintweni ezithile: Ukuchayeka ku-cadmium kanye nama-herbicides ahlotshaniswe nengozi eyengeziwe.Symmin ye-RCCIN izigaba zokuqala, I-RCC kungenzeka kungabingeli noma yiziphi izimpawu ezibonakalayo. Njengoba isimila sikhula, izimpawu zingakhula, kufaka phakathi: Igazi emchameni (hematuria): Lesi ngesinye sezimpawu ezivame kakhulu. Ubuhlungu obuphansi emuva: Ubuhlungu ohlangothini olulodwa lomhlane ophansi, ungahlobene nokulimala. Isigaxa noma isisindo ohlangothini noma emuva: Isisindo esithandekayo esiswini noma endaweni ethambile. Ukwehla kwesisindo: Ukulahleka kwesisindo okungachazwanga. Ukukhathala: Ukukhathala okuphikelelayo nokungachazwanga. Imfiva: Umkhuhlane ongabangelwa ukutheleleka. I-ANEMIA: I-Countler ebomvu ebomvu yegazi.I-Diagnosing RCCIF SOLDS YAKHO YABO I-RCC, Cishe bazokwenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwesifo futhi kunqume ubukhulu bomdlavuza. Lezi zivivinyo zingafaka: Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba: Udokotela uzokuhlola futhi abuze ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha nezimpawu. Ukuhlolwa komchamo: Ukuhlolwa komchamo kungabona igazi emchameni nakwezinye izinto ezesabekayo. Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungahlola ukusebenza kwezinso futhi kubheke izimpawu zomdlavuza. Ukuhlolwa kokucabanga: Iskena se-computhiwe se-tomography (CT) Scan: I-CT Scan ihlinzeka ngezithombe ezinemininingwane yezinso nezicubu ezizungezile. Lesi isivivinyo esivame kakhulu sokucabanga esisetshenziselwa ukuthola I-RCC. I-Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI): I-MRI isebenzisa amasimu kazibuthe namagagasi omsakazo ukudala izithombe ezinemininingwane. Ingasetshenziswa ukuqhubekisela phambili izingelu zibonwe kwi-CT Scans. I-Ultrasound: I-Ultrasound isebenzisa amaza omsindo ukudala izithombe. Ingasetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwama-tumors aqinile nama-cysts agcwele uketshezi. Renal artteriograph: I-artteriogram isebenzisa udayi ifakwe emithanjeni ye-renal ibona ngeso lengqondo ukugeleza kwegazi kubonakale izinso. I-Biopsy: I-biopsy ifaka ukususa isampula elincane lezicubu kusuka ku-sotuy linyezwa ukuze ihlolwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Lokhu akudingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi, kepha kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuxilongwa kanye nokunquma i-subtype ye I-RCC.Staging rcconce I-RCC kutholakala ukuthi, umdlavuza uhlelwe ukunquma ubukhulu besifo. Isitabane sisiza odokotela ukuthi bahlele ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu. I-TNM (isimila, i-node, i-metastasis) uhlelo oluvame ukusetshenziswa: T (Tumor): Ichaza usayizi nobukhulu besimila esiyinhloko. N (node): Kubonisa ukuthi umdlavuza usakaze yini kwizindawo eziseduzane ze-lymph node. M (metastasis): Kukhombisa ukuthi umdlavuza usakaze kumasayithi akude (i-metastasis) .stages kusuka ku-IV, nge-Stage IV ibe izinketho ezisezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu ze-RCCreaty for I-RCC Kuya ngesigaba somdlavuza, impilo yesiguli ephelele, nezinye izinto. Izinketho zokwelashwa zingafaka: Ukuhlinzwa: I-Radical Nephrectomy: Ukususwa kwazo zonke izinso, izicubu ezizungezile, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ama-lymph node aseduze. Lokhu ukwelashwa okuvame kakhulu okwenziwe kwasendaweni I-RCC. Ingxenye ye-Nephrectomy eyingxenye: Ukususwa kwesimila kuphela kanye nenani elincane lezicubu ezizungezile. Lokhu kuvame ukuthandwa ngamasu amancane noma lapho umsebenzi wezinso udinga ukugcinwa. Ukubhekwa okusebenzayo: Okwezincane ezincane, ezikhula kancane, ukubhekwa okusebenzayo (ukulinda okulindile) kungaba inketho. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuqapha okujwayelekile kokuhlolwa kokucabanga ukubona ukuthi isimila sikhula yini. Izindlela zokwelapha ezihlanzekile: Lawa masu asebenzisa ukushisa noma ukubanda ukushabalalisa isimila. I-Radiofrequecy Oblation (RFA): Isebenzisa amaza omsakazo ukushisa nokubhubhisa isimila. I-CrOCABLAGE: Sebenzisa amakhaza amakhulu ukukhulula nokubhubhisa isimila. Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe: Le mishanguzo ihlose ama-molecule athile athile abandakanyeka ekukhuleni kweseli yomdlavuza kanye nokusinda. Izindlela ezijwayelekile ezihlosiwe ze I-RCC Faka: Vegf inhibitors: Njenge-sunitinib (Sutent), i-sorafenib (Nexavar), iPazopanib (Votrient), i-Axitinib (inlyta), neCabomesyx (Cabometyx). Le mishanguzo ivimba ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi emisha okudingeka kukhule. I-MTOR inhibitors: Njenge-temirolimus (torisel) kanye ne-everlimus (aficitor). Le mishanguzo ivimba amaprotheni abizwa ngokuthi yi-MTOR esiza amaseli omdlavuza akhula ahlukanise. I-Hif-2α inhibitor: I-Belzutifan (Welireg) yeziguli ezine-RCC ehlobene ne-VHL. I-ImmunoSatherapy: Le mishanguzo isiza amasosha omzimba alwe nomdlavuza. Okujwayelekile okwenziwayo I-RCC Faka: I-PD-1 inhibitors: NjengeNivolumab (OPDIVO) ne-Pembrolikumab (Keytruda). Le mishanguzo ivimba amaprotheni abizwa nge-PD-1 asiza amaseli womdlavuza abuyisele amasosha omzimba. I-CTLA-4 inhibitors: Njenge-ipilamab (Yervoy). Lesi sidakamizwa sivimba amaprotheni abizwa nge-CTLA-4 asiza futhi amaseli omdlavuza aphela amasosha omzimba. I-Interleukin-2 (IL-2): I-cytokine evuselela amasosha omzimba. Ukwelashwa kwemisebe: Ukwelashwa kwemisebe kusebenzisa imisebe ephezulu kakhulu ukubulala umdlavuza amaseli. Akuvame ukusetshenziswa I-RCC, kepha kungahle kusetshenziselwe ukwelapha ama-metastase noma kudambise izinhlungu. Izilingo Zomtholampilo: Ukubamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zemitholampilo kunganikezela ukwelashwa okusha nokuthembisayo.Prognosistis ye-RCCthe Prognosis ye I-RCC kuya ngezinto eziningana, kufaka phakathi isigaba somdlavuza, i-subtype ye I-RCC, impilo yesiguli yonke, futhi ukwelashwa kwathola. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi nokwelashwa kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni imiphumela.getherly, iziguli ezenziwe zasendaweni I-RCC (Isigaba I-III) sine-prognosis enhle. Izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emi-5 lesiteji I I-RCC iphakeme kakhulu, imvamisa idlula ama-90%. Kodwa-ke, i-Prognosis yeziguli ezinama-metastatic I-RCC (Isigaba IV) asithandeki, sinesilinganiso seminyaka emi-5 esisinda cishe ngo-10-20%. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa okusha okufana nokwelashwa okuhlosiwe kanye ne-immunotherapy kuthuthukise kakhulu umbono weziguli eziningi ezithuthukile I-RCC. Ukucwaninga okuqhubekayo nokuthuthuka ekwelashweni kunikeza ngethemba lemiphumela ethuthukisiwe kwisifiso se- I-RCC, ungathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yakho, kufaka phakathi: Yekani ukubhema: Uma ubhema, ukuyeka kuyinto ebaluleke kunazo zonke ongayenza ukunciphisa ingozi yakho. Gcina isisindo esinempilo: Ukulahlekelwa isisindo uma ukhuluphele noma ukukhuluphala kungasiza ukwehlisa ingozi yakho. Lawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme: Sebenza nodokotela wakho ukuphatha umfutho wegazi lakho. Gwema Ukuchayeka Ezintweni ezithile: Nciphisa ukuvezwa kwakho ku-cadmium nama-herbicides. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngomlando womndeni: Uma unomlando womndeni womdlavuza wezinso, nixoxe ngengozi yakho ngodokotela wakho we-Doice.RCC eShandong Bandong BAOFACE Ucwaningo lwe-Instituteat I-Shandong Baafa Cancer Research Institute, sizinikezele ekuthuthukiseni ukuqonda nokwelashwa kwe I-RCC. Ucwaningo lwethu lugxile ekuthuthukiseni izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha kanye nokwenza ngcono imiphumela yeziguli ngalesi sifo. Sikholwa ukuthi ngocwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nokubambisana, singenza umehluko omkhulu ezimpilweni zalabo abathintwe umdlavuza wezinso.RCC I-N0 noma i-N1 (isakazeka kuma-lymph node wesifunda) i-M0 IV T4 (inwebeka le-Gerota's Faslia) noma iyiphi i-N M1 (iMetastasis Distastasis) * Qaphela: Leli thebula linikeza ukubuka okulula. Thintana nochwepheshe wezokwelapha nge-staaling eqondile.RCC: I-Centric-Centric esondelana nobunzima be I-RCC kubalulekile ukuthola ukutholwa kwakuqala nokuphathwa okusebenzayo. Ukusuka ekuboneni izici zobungozi zokubamba izinketho zokwelashwa, ukuhlomisa abantu abanolwazi kusisiza ukuba bahambe uhambo lwabo lwezempilo ngempumelelo. Ngokunakekelwa okukhethekile nocwaningo olubukhali ekwelashweni komdlavuza, ikakhulukazi mayelana I-RCC, cabanga ukuhlola izinsiza ezitholakala ezikhungweni ezifana I-Shandong Baafa Cancer Research Institute.Ukuzikhulula: Lolu lwazi ngolwazi olujwayelekile kanye nezinhloso zolwazi kuphela, futhi alwenzi izeluleko zezokwelapha. Kubalulekile ukuthintana nochwepheshe wezempilo ofanelekayo nganoma yiziphi izinkathazo zezempilo noma ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinqumo ezihlobene nempilo yakho noma yokwelashwa.Imithombo: I-American Cancer Society: www.canser.org I-National Cancer Institute: www.canser.gov I-Mayo Clinic: www.mayoclin.org