RCC renal cell carcinoma

I-RCC (RENAL CERLE CARCINOMA) luhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wezinso kubantu abadala. Lo mbhalo uhlola lesi sifo, ukumboza izinhlobo zayo, izimpawu, ukuxilonga, izinketho zokwelashwa kanye ne-prognosis. Renal cell carcinoma?I-Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC), noma umdlavuza wezinso, aqhamuka ku-lining ye-tubule etholwayo, ingxenye yamashubhu amancane kakhulu ezinso elihlunga lezinso ehlunga igazi futhi asuse imikhiqizo yemfucuza. Ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene nezigaba ze I-RCC kubalulekile ukwelashwa okusebenzayo. Izinhlobo ze Renal cell carcinomaAma-subtypes ambalwa we I-RCC zikhona, ngayinye inezimpawu ezihlukile kanye nezindlela zokwelashwa. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zifaka: iseli elicacile Renal cell carcinomaI-subtype ebaluleke kakhulu, ibala cishe ngo-70% we I-RCC amacala. Kuboniswa amaseli abonakala ecacile noma aphuzi ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-LIPID. Umthombo: I-American Cancer Society-Maphapillary Renal cell carcinomaUhlobo lwesibili oluvame kakhulu, oluhlanganisa cishe ama-10-15% amacala. -Maphapillary I-RCC ibonakala ngokuqagelwa okufana nomunwe okubizwa nge-papillae. Imvamisa ihlotshaniswa nemibandela ethile yofuzo. Kunama-subtypes amabili amakhulu: Thayipha 1 nohlobo 2, ngohlobo 2 ngokuvamile ukuba nolaka ngokwengeziwe. I-Chromophobe Renal cell carcinomaLe subtype imele cishe i-5% ye I-RCC amacala. I-Chromophobe I-RCC Imvamisa ine-disgnosis engcono ngokuqhathaniswa neseli elicacile I-RCC. Amaseli akhudlwana futhi abephethe ukwedlula iseli elicwengekile I-RCC amaseli.collecting duct Renal cell carcinomaI-subtype engajwayelekile futhi enolaka, ibala imali engaphansi kwe-1% yamacala. Ukuqoqa i-duct I-RCC Kuvela ekuqoqweni kokuqoqwa kwezinso, okuthi ukuthutha izithuthi esinye isitebhisi. Kuvame ukutholakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kungaba yinselele ukwelapha.Medullary Renal cell carcinomaEnye i-subtype engajwayelekile futhi enolaka, ngokuyinhloko ithinta abantu abanesici seseli sokugula. -Emindori I-RCC kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nemiphumela emibi.Symymtoms of Renal cell carcinomaIzigaba zokuqala ze I-RCC kungenzeka ingaveli izimpawu ezibonakalayo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba isimila sikhula, izimpawu zingafaka: igazi emchameni (hematuria) ubuhlungu obuphikelelayo ohlangothini noma emuva kokulahlekelwa kwesisindo noma emuva kokulahlekelwa yilezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela ukuze kuhlolwe kahle.Idiagnosis ye Renal cell carcinomaUkuxilonga I-RCC imvamisa kubandakanya inhlanganisela yokuhlolwa ngokomzimba, ukuhlolwa kokucabanga, kanye ne-biopsy.aging amasu wokuhlola adlala indima ebalulekile ekutholeni nasekuzitokeni I-RCC. Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokucabanga kufaka phakathi: Iskena se-computhiwe se-tomography (CT) Scan: Ihlinzeka ngezithombe ezinemininingwane ezinemininingwane yezinso nezicubu ezizungezile. I-Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI): Inikeza umehluko omuhle kakhulu wezicubu ezithambile futhi ilusizo ikakhulukazi ekuhlolweni ubukhulu besimila nokutholwa kwasakazeka ezinhlakeni eziseduzane. I-Ultrasound: Kungasiza ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwama-mass aqinile nama-cysts agcwele uketshezi kuzinso. I-renal arteriography (angiography): Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray kwama-arouse e-renal ngemuva kokuba udayi selifakiwe. Isetshenziswa kaningi kune-CT noma MRI.BioPSya Biopsy ifaka ukukhipha isampula elincane lezicubu zezinso ukuze lihlolwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. I-biopsy iyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukutholwa kwe I-RCC bese unquma i-subtype. Ama-biopsies aqondiswa izithombe ajwayele ukwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-CT noma i-ultrasound ukuqinisekisa ukuqondiswa okuqondile kwendawo esolisayo. Izigaba ze Renal cell carcinomaIsigaba se I-RCC Kubhekiswa kufinyelela ubukhulu bomdlavuza nokuthi ngabe kusakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Ukuhlanza kubalulekile ekunqumeni indlela efanele yokwelashwa kanye nokubikezela ukubikezela. I-TNM (isimila, i-node, i-metastasis) uhlelo oluvame ukusetshenziswa: T (Tumor): Ichaza usayizi nobukhulu besimila esiyinhloko. N (node): Kubonisa ukuthi umdlavuza usakaze yini kwizindawo eziseduzane ze-lymph node. M (metastasis): Kukhombisa ukuthi umdlavuza usakaze kumasayithi akude, njengamaphaphu, amathambo, noma ubuchopho kusuka ku-IV, ngesiteji ngisesiteji sokuqala ne-Stage IV ibe yizinketho ezisezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu ne-IV Renal cell carcinomaUkwelashwa I-RCC Kuya ngezici eziningana, kufaka phakathi isigaba somdlavuza, impilo yesiguli ephelele, kanye nokuthandwa ngumuntu. Izinketho zokwelashwa ezijwayelekile zifaka: Ukususwa kokuhlinzwa kwesimila kuvame ukwelashwa okuyisisekelo okwenziwe kwasendaweni I-RCC (Izigaba i-III). Izinketho zokuhlinzwa ezifaka phakathi: Ingxenye ye-Nephrectomy eyingxenye: Ukususwa kwesimila kuphela kanye nomugqa omncane wezicubu ezinempilo. Le ndlela iyathandwa lapho kungenzeka ukugcina umsebenzi wezinso. I-Radical Nephrectomy: Ukususwa kwazo zonke izinso, kanye nezicubu ezizungezile, njenge-adrenal gland nama-lymph node. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngamathumbu amakhulu noma lapho i-nephrectomy engxenye ayinazo izindlela zokwelapha ze-therapytargeged ze-therapytargejete ziyizidakamizwa ezihlose ngokuqondile ama-molecule athinteka ekukhuleni kwamaseli womdlavuza nokusinda. Le mishanguzo ingasebenza ekwelashweni okuthuthukile I-RCC (Isigaba IV) futhi futhi singasetjenziswa ezigabeni zangaphambili ezimweni ezithile. Izibonelo zifaka: Vegf inhibitors: ISunitinib (SUTETENT), i-Sorafenib (Nexavar), Pazopanib (Votrient), Axitinib (inlyta), Bevacizumab (Avastin) I-MTOR inhibitors: I-Temirolimus (Torisel), i-EverOlimus (AFINICTOR) Izidakamizwa ze-immunotherapyimmunotherapy zisiza amasosha omzimba aqaphele futhi ahlasele amaseli omdlavuza. I-ImmunoSatherapy ikhombisile isithembiso esibalulekile ekwelapheni okuthuthukile I-RCC. Izibonelo zifaka: I-PD-1 inhibitors: I-Nivolumab (Opdivo), Pembrolikumab (Keytruda) I-CTLA-4 inhibitors: IPILIMAMABB (YERVE) Inhlanganisela i-immunotherapy: I-Nivolumab kanye ne-IPILilalandobor Treatother Prestments ingahle isetshenziswe ezimweni ezithile, njenge: Ukwelashwa kwemisebe: Kusetshenziswa imisebe yamandla aphezulu ukubulala umdlavuza amaseli. Akuvame ukusetshenziselwa I-RCC, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi isetshenziselwe ukuphatha ama-metastases amathambo noma ukudambisa izinhlungu. Izindlela zokwelapha ezihlanzekile: Amasu anjenge-radiofrequecy ablation (RFA) noma i-crsoanglation Sebenzisa ukushisa noma ukubanda ukushabalalisa isimila. Lokhu kungenzeka kusetshenziselwe ama-tumors amancane ezigulini ezingebona abazongenela ukhetho lokuhlinzwa. Ukubhekwa okusebenzayo: Ngemibumba emincane kakhulu, ekhula kancane, ukubhekwa okusebenzayo (Ukuqapha okusondelene) kungaba yinto ethile esikhundleni sokwelashwa okusheshayo.ognomis Renal cell carcinomaI-dignosis ye I-RCC Kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngezinto eziningana, kufaka phakathi isigaba somdlavuza, i-subtype, kanye nempilo yesiguli yonke. Ukutholwa nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ukuthola imiphumela. Ngokuya kwe- Uhlelo lukaZwelonke Cancer Institute Program, isilinganiso seminyaka emi-5 sokusinda okwenzelwe okwenziwe kwasendaweni I-RCC (umdlavuza ongakaze usakaze ngaphandle kwezinso) ephezulu. Kodwa-ke, izinga lokusinda linciphisa kakhulu izigaba ezithuthukile zesifo. Amanani okusinda weminyaka emi-5 yokusinda kwe-Renal Cell Carcinoma STAGE CARCINOMAY STAGE Rate Izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emi-5 elenziwe ngo-93% Isifunda 71% zonke izigaba ze-76% ZONKE IZIMBALI ZAMAHHALA AQEDWA KUSUKELA I-RCC Eminyakeni eminingi eyedlule, ngakho-ke amanani okusinda angaphezulu manje ngenxa yentuthuko ekwelashweni.Imininingwane yesazi esisheshayo kanye nezindlela zokwelashwa ezithuthukile ze Renal cell carcinoma, hlola izindlela zokucwaninga at I-Shandong Baafa Cancer Research Institute, ezinikezelwe ukuthuthukisa ukunakekelwa komdlavuza.