Ukwelashwa okungeyona imishanguzo encane yokudla umdlavuza we-lung

Izinketho zokwelashwa ze-Non-Small Cell Lo Cancer (NSCLC) Ukuqonda umdlavuza wamaphaphu okungewona omncane kanye ne-athikili yokwelashwa etholakalayo kuhlinzeka ngemininingwane ephelele yokwelashwa okungeyona okuncane kwama-lung (NSCLC). Sihlola izinketho ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa, okubandakanya ukuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, ukwelashwa kwemisebe, ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe, kanye ne-immunotherapy, kanye nokuchaza ukusebenza kwawo kanye nemiphumela emibi engaba khona. Sihlose ukunika amandla abantu ababhekene nalokhu kuxilongwa ngalolu lwazi ukwenza lula izingxoxo ezinolwazi nabahlinzeki babo bezempilo. Khumbula, lolu lwazi akufanele luthathe indawo yeseluleko sokwelashwa esiqeqeshiwe. Hlala uthintana nodokotela wakho we-oncologist noma obunye ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo abaqeqeshiwe ukuze uthole ukuholwa komuntu.

Ukuqonda umdlavuza we-cell ongewona omncane (NSCLC)

Umdlavuza we-cell ongewona omncane (NSCLC) Ama-akhawunti acishe abe ngu-85% wawo wonke umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Yisifo esine-heterogeneous, okusho ukuthi iveza ngokuhlukile kubantu abahlukahlukene, okuthinta izindlela zokuthola amandla kanye nezindlela zokwelashwa. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kuthuthukisa kakhulu amanani okusinda, ukugqamisa ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kanye nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo uma kuvela izimpawu. Uhlobo nesigaba se NSCLC kuthinta kakhulu uhlelo lokwelashwa.

Ukuchithwa kwe-NSCLC

Isiteji se NSCLC, ngokuvamile usebenzisa uhlelo lwe-TNM (isimila, i-node, i-metastasis), kubalulekile ekunqumeni isu lokulashwa. Lolu hlelo luhlola usayizi kanye nendawo yendawo, ukubandakanyeka kwezindawo ze-lymph, kanye nokuba khona kwama-metastase akude. Izigaba zibanga kusuka ku-I (zasendaweni) kuya ku-IV (metastatic), ngesigaba ngasinye esibonisa i-prognosis ehlukile kanye nendlela yokwelashwa. Isiteji esiqondile sidinga inhlanganisela yokuhlolwa kokucabanga njenge-CT Scans, i-PET SCANS, kanye nama-biopsies angaba khona.

Izinketho zokwelashwa ze-NSCLC

Izinketho zokwelashwa ze NSCLC kuya kakhulu esiteji somdlavuza, impilo yesiguli ephelele, kanye nokuthandwa nguwe. Imvamisa ihilela inhlanganisela yokwelashwa ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle nokwenza ngcono imiphumela.

Indawo kadokotela

Ukususwa Kwe-Tumol kuyindlela yokwelashwa eyinhloko yokuqala kwesigaba NSCLC. Uhlobo lokuhlinzwa luncike endaweni yendawo kanye nosayizi kamusi, olubandakanya i-lobectomy (ukususwa kwe-luum lobe), i-pneumonectomy (ukususwa kwalo lonke amaphaphu). Amasu wokuhlinza ahlaselayo afana nokuhlinzwa kwe-thoracoscopic okusizwayo ngevidiyo (ama-vat) aya ngokuya evamile, enikeza ukungezwani okuncane nezikhathi zokutakula ngokushesha.

Chemotherapy

I-Chemotherapy ifaka ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ukubulala umdlavuza amaseli. Imvamisa isetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa nezinye izindlela zokwelapha, njengokuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa kwemisebe, noma njengokuphathwa okuyisisekelo kwesigaba esithuthukile NSCLC. Izidakamizwa ezivame ukusetshenziswa kwe-chemotherapy ze-chemotherapy ze NSCLC Faka phakathi i-cisplatin, i-carboplatin, i-paclitaxel, ne-doncetaxel. Imiphumela emibi ingabaluleka futhi iyahluka ngokuya ngemithi ethile kanye nomthamo.

Ukwelashwa kwemisebe

Ukwelashwa kwemisebe kusebenzisa imisebe yamandla aphezulu ukubulala umdlavuza amaseli. Ingasetshenziswa ukuncipha kwamathumbu ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, kubhubhise amaseli omdlavuza asele ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, noma ukuphatha okuthuthukile NSCLC lokho akunakususwa ngokuhlinzwa. Ukwelashwa kwemisebe yangaphandle yangaphandle kuyinto evame kakhulu, ukuletha imisebe evela emshinini ongaphandle komzimba. Imiphumela emibi ingafaka ukukhathala, ukucasuka kwesikhumba, kanye nesicanucanu.

Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe

Izindlela zokwelapha ezihlosiwe zigxile kuma-molecule athile ahilelekile ekukhuleni kweseli yomdlavuza kanye nokusinda. Balusizo ikakhulukazi NSCLC Iziguli ezinokuguqulwa okuthile kwezakhi zofuzo, ezinjenge-egfr, alk, i-ros1, kanye nokuguqulwa kwe-braf. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zikhombise impumelelo emangalisayo ekwandiseni izikhathi zokusinda ezigulini ngalezi zinguquko ezithile. Izibonelo zokwelapha ezihlosiwe zifaka i-erlotinib, i-gefitinib, crizotinib, ne-afatiinib.

I-ImmunoSatherapy

I-ImmunoSatherapy ihlanganisa amasosha omzimba uqobo ukuze alwe namaseli womdlavuza. Iphumelela ikakhulukazi ekwelapheni NSCLC ngenkulumo ephezulu ye-PD-L1. Izidakamizwa ze-ImmunoSafapy, ezinjenge-pembrolikumab, nivolumab, kanye ne-atezolikumab, block yokuhlola ubuntu, okuvumela amasosha omzimba ahlasele amaseli womdlavuza ngempumelelo. Imiphumela emibi ingahluka kepha ingahle ifake ukukhathala, izicubu zesikhumba, kanye nemicimbi ehlobene nokuvikelwa komzimba.

Ukukhetha uhlelo lokulashwa olufanele

Ukukhethwa kwe Ukwelashwa kweNSCLC inqubo eqondene nomuntu uqobo. Indlela efanelekile incike ezicini ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi uhlobo oluthile nesigaba somdlavuza, impilo yesiguli ephelele, kanye nokuthandwa ngumuntu. Ukusebenzisana okusondele phakathi kwesiguli nethimba labo lezokunakekelwa kwempilo kubalulekile ukuthola inkambo engcono kakhulu yesenzo. Izingxoxo ezibanzi nezazi ze-Oncologists nabanye ochwepheshe, okubalwa ngodokotela abahlinzayo, ama-radiation oncologists, kanye nezazi ze-oncologists, zibalulekile ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanele. Lokhu kufanele kungahambisani kuphela nokwelashwa uqobo kodwa futhi nohlelo lokuphatha noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi.

Uhlobo lokwelashwa	Ukusebenza ngempumelelo	Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo
Indawo kadokotela	Ephezulu kakhulu yesigaba sokuqala	Ubuhlungu, ukutheleleka, ubunzima bokuphefumula
Chemotherapy	Kuyahluka ngokuya ngesigaba nangomuthi	Isicanucanu, ukugabha, ukulahleka kwezinwele, ukukhathala
Ukwelashwa kwemisebe	Isebenza ngempumelelo yesifo esenziwe sendawo	Ukukhathala, ukucasuka kwesikhumba, isicanucanu
Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe	Isebenza kakhulu ekuguqukeni okuthile	Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba, isifo sohudo, ukukhathala
I-ImmunoSatherapy	Isebenza ngempumelelo ezinhlotsheni ezithile nezigaba	Ukukhathala, ukuqhekeka kwesikhumba, imicimbi ehlobene nokugula okuhlobene nokugula

Ukuthola eminye imininingwane nge-Cancer Cancer and Support, sicela uvakashele I-Shandong Baafa Cancer Research Institute Iwebhusayithi. Banikela ngezinketho ezithuthukile zokwelashwa kanye nokusekelwa okuphelele komdlavuza ngamunye olwela.

Ukuzikhulula: Lolu lwazi lwenzelwe izinjongo zokufundisa kuphela futhi akufanele lubhekwe njengeluleke lwezokwelapha. Hlala uthintana nomuntu oqeqeshiwe wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze kuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa kwanoma yisiphi isimo sezokwelapha.

Izinkomba: (Izikhombo eziqondile kumaphephabhuku wezokwelapha kanye nezinhlangano ezihlonishwayo zomdlavuza zizofakwa lapha, zixhumanisa nazo ezinomdlandla: Izibonelo zizovikela i-National Cancer Institution (NCI) kanye namawebhusayithi aseMelika anomphakathi (ACS).