Ukwelashwa kokuphefumula emdlavuza wamaphaphu

Ukuphefumula, noma ukufushane komoya, kuwuphawu oluvamile futhi olucindezelayo olwenzeka ngabantu abaningi ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uhlola izimbangela, ukuphathwa, kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa ezitholakalayo Ukwelashwa kokuphefumula emdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ukuqonda izimbangela eziyisisekelo kubalulekile ekuphathweni okusebenzayo, futhi sizosebenzisa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene ukunciphisa lolu phawu futhi sithuthukise ikhwalithi yempilo.

Ukuqonda izimbangela zokuphefumula emdlavuza wamaphaphu

Ukukhula kwesituba kanye nokucindezelwa

Ukukhula kwesimila se-cancer esinamaphaphu kungacindezela ngqo izindlela zomoya, kuvimbela ukuhamba komoya futhi kuholele ekuphefumule. Indawo nosayizi wesimila kunomthelela omkhulu walolu phawu. Kwezinye izimo, isimila singase futhi sihlasele izinhlaka eziseduze, ezengeziwe ezikhulisa ubunzima.

Ukuqina kwe-Pleural

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu ungadala ukwakhiwa koketshezi esikhaleni se-Pleural (indawo ephakathi kwamaphaphu nodonga lwesifuba), isimo esaziwa ngokuthi yi-Pleural Phersion. Lokhu kuqongelela uketshezi kubeka ingcindezi emaphashini, kunciphisa amandla abo okukhulisa ngokuphelele nokudala ukuphefumula. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukubandakanya ukukhipha uketshezi ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-thorelisesis.

I-Pneumonia kanye nezifo

Abantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu basengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa inyumoniya nezinye izifo zokuphefumula. Lokhu ukutheleleka kungaqhubeka nokuvumelanisa umsebenzi wamaphaphu futhi kubi kakhulu ukuphefumula. Ukuxilongwa ngokushesha nokwelashwa kwalezi zifo kubalulekile ekuphatheni Ukwelashwa kokuphefumula emdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Ezinye izinto ezinikelayo

Ezinye izinto ezifana ne-anemia, ukukhathazeka, kanye nemiphumela yokwelashwa komdlavuza (njenge-chemotherapy noma i-radiotherapy) nakho) kungasiza noma kukuphefumulela ekuphefumuleni ezigulini ezinomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ukuhlolwa okuphelele kobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha kubalulekile ukukhomba zonke izinto ezinikelayo.

Izinketho zokwelashwa zokuphefumula emdlavuza wamaphaphu

Umuthi

Imithi eminingana ingasiza ukuphatha ukuphefumula. Ama-bronchodilators, njenge-albuthetheru, phumula imigwaqo yomoya futhi uthuthukise i-airflow. Ama-opioids, njenge-morphine, anganciphisa ukuphefumula ngokuncipha ukukhathazeka nokuphefumula. Eminye imishanguzo ingahle isetshenziselwe ukubhekana nezimo ezingaphansi ezinjenge-pneumonia noma ukuqina kwe-Pleural.

Therapy we-oksijini

Ukwelashwa kwe-oxygen okwengeziwe kuvame ukubekelwa ukuthuthukisa amazinga we-oksijini egazini futhi kudambise ukuphefumula. I-oksijini ingahanjiswa ngokusebenzisa ama-canclaur we-nasal canclalae noma kumamaski wobuso. Izinga lokungezelelwa kwe-oxygen linqunywa yizidingo ngazinye futhi libhekwe eduze.

Ukwelashwa kwemisebe

Ezimweni lapho isimila sibangela ukucindezelwa komoya, ukwelashwa kwemisebe kungahle kusetshenziselwe ukuncipha isimila futhi kuthuthukise i-airflow. Le ndlela ingasiza ukudambisa ukungaphefumuli, kepha izinzuzo kungenzeka zingabiki ngokushesha.

Indawo kadokotela

Ukungenelela okuhlinzayo, njenge-lobectomy (ukususwa kwe-lobe ye-lung lobe) noma i-pneumonectomy (ukususwa kwamaphaphu wonke), kungabhekwa kumacala akhethiwe ukususa isimila esivimbela umoya futhi unciphise ukuphefumula. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuvame ukuncika empilweni yesiguli sonke kanye nesigaba somdlavuza.

Ukunakekelwa kwe-Palliative

Ukunakekelwa kwePalliative kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuphatheni ukungaphefumuli komdlavuza wamaphaphu athuthukile. Igxile ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yempilo ngokubhekana nezimpawu, inikeze ukwesekwa okungokomzwelo, kanye nokuqinisekisa induduzo. Amaqembu e-Palliative Care asebenza ngokubambisana ne-Oncologists nabanye ochwepheshe ukuthuthukisa uhlelo oluthile ukuphatha ukuphefumula nezinye izimpawu ngempumelelo.

Ukuphatha Ukuphefumula Ekhaya

Ngaphezu kokwelashwa kwezokwelapha, amasu amaningana angasiza ukuphatha ukuphefumula ekhaya:

• Prakthiza amasu wokuphumula njengokuzivocavoca okujulile kokuphefumula nokuzindla.
• Gcina ukuma okunethezekile; Gwema amanga amanga uma kukhulisa ukungabi namandla.
• Ukuzibandakanya ekusebenzeni ngokomzimba ngokomzimba njengoba bekubekezelelekile.
• Gwema ukubhema nokuchayeka ezinyangeni.
• Xhumana nethimba lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngeseluleko esiqondene nomuntu uqobo nokusekelwa.

Ukuthola Ukusekelwa Neminye imininingwane

Ukuphila nomdlavuza wamaphaphu nokuphatha ukuphefumula kungaba yinselele. Kubalulekile ukufuna ukwesekwa kochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo kanye namaqembu okusekelana. Ungaxhumana nodokotela wakho noma uchwepheshe we-palliative wokunakekelwa kwesiqondisi esiqondene nomuntu. Izinhlangano eziningi zinikeza ukwesekwa kanye nezinsizakusebenza zabantu abathintwe ngumdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngokwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu nokusekelwa, ungafisa ukubheka izinsiza ezitholakala ezitholakala ezinhlanganweni ezihlonishwayo njenge-American Lung Association noma iNational Cancer Institute.

Ukunakekelwa komdlavuza okuthuthukile nokuphelele, okubandakanya ukuphathwa kokuphefumula okuhlotshaniswa nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, cabanga ngokufuna ukubonisana kochwepheshe ku- I-Shandong Baafa Cancer Research Institute. Banikela ngendlela ye-multidisciplinary ekunakekelweni komdlavuza, okuhlose ukuhlinzeka ngemiphumela engcono kakhulu yeziguli zabo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi iqembu elizinikele eligxile ekuphathweni kwezimpawu zokunakekelwa kanye nokuphathwa kwezimpawu.